Enhanced hydrogen generation from Al-water reaction mediated by metal salts

Hydrogen generation by the reaction of micrometer-aluminum powder with water at room temperature is hard to proceed due to the inhibition of alumina layer. In this study, a novel strategy of metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed for more efficient and practical hydrogen generation. The effects of metal salt composition and dosage, and water injection rate and volume on hydrogen generation were investigated. The hydrogen yield of 230.0 mL was achieved in the Al/Ni/Cu/H₂O system within 600 s under the following conditions: 0.24 g aluminum with the molar ratio of Al, Ni and Cu at 10:1:1 and 2 mL water at the injection rate of 2 mL/min, which was equivalent to 70.4% of the theoretical hydrogen yield. Based on the morphology, element composition, crystal structure and electrochemical test results of the obtained composites after reaction, the mechanism of hydrogen production by metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed.     

协作机器人抓握式柔性夹持器设计

参考变色龙手指抓握原理,使用热塑性聚氨酯材料设计制作了一种协作机器人抓握式柔性夹持器.利用SOLID-WORKS软件建立柔性夹持器模型,并进行结构拓扑优化.将优化完成的柔性夹持器模型导入有限元分析软件WELSIM中进行静力学分析,并通过抓取试验验证了柔性夹持器的有效性.综合分析结果发现,设计的柔性夹持器具有较好的自适应性,能够实现较高的工件抓取率,有利于保护被抓取物体.     

Experimental study on the permeability and self-healing capacity of geosynthetic clay liners in heavy metal solutions

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), which have a very low permeability to water and a considerably high self-healing capacity, are widely used in liner systems of landfills. In this study, a series of experimental tests were carried out under complex conditions on typical commercial GCLs from China. In particular, the effects of pH values and lead ions (Pb²⁺) were tested in addition to other factors. The swelling properties of natural bentonite encapsulated between geotextile components in the GCLs were tested first. The swelling capacity was reduced rapidly at pH values < 3 and concentrations of Pb²⁺ >40 mM. Permeability tests on GCLs with different concentrations of lead ions were then performed by using the self-developed multi-link flexible wall permeameter, and data showed that increases in lead ion concentrations greatly improved the permeability. Finally, self-healing capacity tests were conducted on needle-punched GCLs under different levels of damage. Results showed that the GCLs have a good self-healing capacity with small diameter damage holes (2 mm, close to three times the original aperture), but with a damage aperture larger than 15% of the sample area, the self-healing capacity could not prevent leakage; hence, in certain situations it will be necessary to repair the damage to meet the anti-seepage requirement.     

青岛地铁双护盾TBM水系统故障分析及优化

双护盾TBM在青岛地铁夏季施工过程中水系统存在换水、排水频繁;偶发内循环温度高甚至导致设备报警停机的情况。本文通过对双护盾TBM水系统的原理分析及热平衡计算,结果表明从水箱取水循环冷却内循环不适用;外循环进水温度、进水流量或二者综合作用为导致内循环温度升高的根本原因。在此基础上,对水系统原理设计进行优化,采用梯级冷却的理念将液压泵站、润滑泵站的冷却由内循环移至外循环并对优化后的水系统进行热平衡分析,论证该优化后的系统原理可实现节水、环保并降低隧道供水条件对双护盾TBM水系统正常运行的影响。     

First-principles study on the dissolution and diffusion behavior of hydrogen in carbide precipitates

To understand the hydrogen (H) behavior in the carbide precipitates, the dissolution and diffusion properties of interstitial H in the transition metal carbide (TMC; TM = Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, and Zr) were studied by first-principles calculations. In these carbides, it can be seen that H tends to occupy the trigonal site (tri2-site) surrounded by three transition metal atoms and one carbon atom rather than the face center (fc-site) and the body center (bc-site) which with the larger space. We found that the bonding interaction between H atom and the nearest-neighbor (1NN) carbon atom is the dominant influence on the stability of H dissolution. Besides, we obtained the temperature-dependent solubility and diffusion coefficients of H in TMC and pure vanadium through Sievert's law and transition state theory. Compared with pure vanadium, H shows the worse solubility in TMC, and it is more difficult for hydrogen to migrate in TMC, but segregate toward the interface. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that, the diffusion barrier and the H solution energy show a linear relationship for transition metal carbides in the same period. These results can help us deepen the understanding of H behavior in vanadium alloys strengthened by carbide precipitates, and furtherly providing the theoretical guidance for the design of alloys with excellent performance.     

A practical reliability assessment approach and its application for pile-stabilized slopes using FORM and support vector machine

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Many uncertainties exist in pile-stabilized slopes which make their design substantially complicated. In this paper, a first-order reliability...     

基于云平台的智能实验室远程监控系统

针对实验室管理中存在的安全问题,提出并设计了一种基于云平台的智能实验室远程监控系统.利用FRID技术对进出人员信息进行记录.在实验室内安装温度传感器和湿度传感器,把实验室内的环境数据上传至云平台,当温度传感器和湿度传感器检测到实验室环境参数异常时,云平台将实验室的数据信息及时反馈到当时正在值班的管理员的移动电话端上,提示实验室可能存安全隐患.烟雾传感器可以检测实验室的烟雾浓度和可燃气体.实验表明,系统可以在不同环境下正常工作,且运行可靠,反馈给云平台的数据和检测到的实验室环境参数准确,有助于提高实验室安全性.     

The dispersed SiO2 microspheres supported Ru catalyst with enhanced activity for ammonia decomposition

Ru nanoparticles supported on SiO₂ microspheres (Ru/SiO₂-GUS) were prepared by the glucose-urea-metallic salt method and applied in the decomposition of ammonia. In the glucose-urea-metallic salt method, glucose as the carbon template plays a significant role in the formation of diffusion-beneficial structural properties of Ru/SiO₂-GUS, and also induceds the modification of the electronic state of Ru. Ru/SiO₂-GUS exhibited higher catalytic activity compared with the catalyst prepared with the impregnation method. The catalytic performance of Ru/SiO₂-GUS was further enhanced with the addition of either K or Cs——the addition order and amount strongly affecting the catalytic performance. When the ratio of K/Cs to Ru is 2, the alkali metal (KOH/CsOH) solution is added in the homogeneous solution of glucose, urea, RuCl₃ and the colloidal silica, the promotion effect of K/Cs is the strongest, particularly under lower reaction temperatures. However, the promotion effects of K and Cs are different as reveled by the combined results of H₂-TPR, XPS and NH₃-TPSR. More NH₃ can be absorbed on K–Ru/SiO₂-GUS and the electron density of Ru decreased. By contrast, more metallic Ru formed on Cs–Ru/SiO₂-GUS, facilitating N₂ recombination.     

Effects of particle sizes on performances of the multi-zone steam generator using waste heat in a bio-oil steam reforming hydrogen production system

Hydrogen production by bio-oil steam reforming is an advanced production technology. It is a good method of coupling waste heat utilization with bio-oil steam reforming to produce hydrogen, which increases the cleaning ability of the bio-oil steam reforming system. A multi-zone steam generator using waste heat has been proposed, which can produce the heat source and steam source of the hydrogen system. The DEM model of the multi-zone steam generator was set up. The model has been used to investigate the effects of particle sizes (40 mm–80 mm). With increasing particle size, the flow index and the flow uniformity gradually decrease, the vertical velocity gradient increases in the area on both side with the zone steam generator, and the vertical velocity fluctuation amplitude gradually increases. So, the hydrogen production decreases from the particle size increasing.